It is no coincidence that Paris is called the cultural capital of Europe. It is difficult to find such a number of various museums, how many are concentrated in this city, anywhere. Everyone who visits the capital of France has the opportunity to see with their own eyes not only works of art by famous masters, but also to get acquainted in detail with other equally interesting aspects of city life. Therefore, all museums in Paris can be conveniently divided into several main groups, depending on the interests of visitors.
Louvre
Among the museums of fine art, the Louvre is undoubtedly the most honorable place. It should be noted that a thorough inspection of all the halls is almost impossible within one day. Therefore, for the convenience of tourists, the Louvre was divided into certain departments. In one part, visitors can get acquainted with the best examples of Eastern and European art, as well as the works of famous French sculptors.
Another part of the Louvre is dedicated to the products of ancient Greek masters and exhibits of the Etruscan period, as well as paintings by Italian and French artists. Another part introduces visitors to the ancient Roman exhibits. There are also canvases by French artists created from the most ancient period up to the 19th century.
House for the Invalids
The whole architectural and park ensemble, located on the picturesque bank of the Seine, can hardly be called the House of Invalids, but in fact, it is. Contemplating the enormous scale of the grandiose structures, one involuntarily imbued with respect for those in power, who at one time took care of the sick helpless who became disabled due to war or under other circumstances. They were taken care of, first of all, by the King of France Louis 16, who ordered the construction of a charity house for soldiers who became invalids of the war and left without the care of relatives (1670).
The court architect was given a difficult task: to build a multifunctional building that can accommodate 6,000 people at a time, who should not only be treated in it, but also live permanently. The king foresaw how the appearance of such a monastery would positively affect the patriotism of soldiers of the active army, so funds were generously allocated from the treasury for construction, which lasted 6 years before the first settlement. The entire complex, striking a huge area, was completed in 1706.
L. Bruant coped with the difficult task with dignity, designing the most comfortable premises, combining this with the aesthetically pleasing architecture that adorns the overall perspective of the city. The territory of the House of Invalids occupies 10 hectares of land, where among the picturesque landscape landscapes are located buildings, each of which is a historical and architectural monument.
The most prominent of these is the local functioning cathedral of St. Louis is an example of classicism architecture, with Doric and Corinthian columns, with a 27-meter graceful dome, decorated with war spoils. Above is an elegant dome lantern with a pyramidal spire. Statues of Louis 9 and Charlemagne are installed on the portico. When restoring the dome gilding, they used 12 kg of gold. A notable place is the grave of Napoleon, whose coffin was brought here in 1840. On the territory of the House of Invalids there are 5 museums reflecting the military and army history of France. Their exhibitions are very interesting to visit and learn.
Army Museum
In 1905, the old museums of artillery and the history of the army were united into a single Museum of the Army, and the entire collection was housed in the House of Invalids. The first section is devoted to ancient weapons up to the age of the Enlightenment. These are knightly armor of European warriors, samurai weapons, a large collection of edged weapons of different nations and the first samples of firearms. In the next - samples of military uniforms, weapons of modern times, it also tells about the participation of France in the military conflicts of that time.
The Napoleonic Wars and the Napoleonic Army - full cuirassier uniforms, Napoleon's belongings and items associated with the numerous French colonies in Africa and other parts of the world occupy the next room. The last section tells about two world wars of the last century - dioramas of the main battles of 1914, the role of cars in military affairs, a story about the Resistance movement and its significance in the fight against fascism. Separate sections are devoted to military symbols, battle scenes in the visual arts, as well as toy soldiers - tin, cardboard and wood.
Museum of Contemporary History
Helps to better understand the causes of world military conflicts and upheavals, social problems, their reflection in the culture of modern times. It began in 1914 with the private collection of the French entrepreneur Leblanc and the Military Library he founded. In 1925, the Military Museum was opened on its basis. At this time, it was housed in the Vincennes castle, and in 1973 it was transferred to the Les Invalides, where it has been since then, changing its name to the Museum of Contemporary History. The richest collection of exhibits has been collected, which illustrates the life of our society, international relations, their development from the end of the 19th century to the present day.
These are numerous posters, filing of newspapers and magazines, postcards, paintings, sculptures and other signs of the times. More than 150 thousand samples of fine art from all over the world are collected here, illustrating this period, with all its dramatic and significant events. Exhibitions dedicated to various memorable dates are constantly held. Documents and chronicles of the Second World War are kept separately in the funds, which make it possible to see these events through the eyes of ordinary people. There are also documents dedicated to the recent past of our country - from the revolution of 1917 to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Rodin Museum
It is not surprising that an equally famous object is located near the aforementioned famous landmark - in Paris, literally at every step, there is something amazing. It will be about the exposition located in Biron's mansion and dedicated to one of the most brilliant sculptors in the world of art - Rodin. His amazing sculptures have become timeless classics, an eternal standard of fine art, on which hundreds of modern masters study.
A wonderful park, neat green lawns, hedges made from trimmed shrubs, a clear plan - evidence of the deep respect of the French for their great compatriot. Among the landscape beauties of the park, the famous sculptures of the classics are harmoniously placed: "The Thinker", "Beethoven", "Citizens of Calais", "The Gates of Hell". The sculptor worked on the latter with inspiration for many years, not just fulfilling the order of the Paris authorities, but creating masterpieces, passing every fragment, every detail through the heart and soul. Therefore, now any of them is an example of high art.
The second part, an old mansion containing the unsurpassed works of Rodin and other sculptors from his personal collection, is also kept in perfect condition. Presented are paintings and photographs, original handicrafts made by a versatile gifted master. Everything is so beautiful here that there are not enough words to express the depth of feelings, emotions, excitements that overwhelm you at the sight of the most beautiful creations.
A small, cute chapel, which makes up the third part, will also delight you with amazing exhibits - antique artifacts that were enthusiastically collected by Rodin, who was not indifferent to beauty. Along with them, objects of contemporary art are displayed here at regular exhibitions.
Gallery Jeu-de-Pom
Parisians, who are accustomed to this name of a large stone pavilion, are not at all surprised by it, and those who translate it from French are very perplexed. And “playing with the palm” if there is a gallery of contemporary art here ?! The fact is that this building was built in 1861 specifically for sports games and entertainment at the direction of Napoleon III. The royals' favorite pastime was a game similar to tennis, where instead of rackets, the ball was beaten with the palm of the hand. Hence such a strange name was fixed.
The building began to function as an art gallery since 1940, when the German occupiers used it as a warehouse for confiscated works of art. A fire in 1942 destroyed most of the valuable items. In memory of this, after the war, a museum of Impressionist paintings was opened here for a short time, where paintings from the Louvre were transferred.
After several decades of oblivion (in 1991), temporary exhibitions of contemporary art objects began to be held in a building that did not lend itself to destruction, which regularly acquaints everyone with the names and creations of new masters (among them there are many unique talents.) - a symbol of the historical past and present art.
Balzac Museum
Greatness and simplicity - these two mutually exclusive concepts perfectly characterize both the greatest classic of world literature and the museum named after him. A modest three-story mansion by the standards of Paris, located on the street. Reinuar (a former suburb of the capital) is proof of that. In this house, the author of the epic "The Human Comedy" lived under a different name. Despite the enormous popularity of his novels, Balzac, principled and uncompromising, did not have rich and influential sponsors supplying substantial sums, so everything the writer earned was not enough for new projects. Having conceived of becoming a publisher, he ran into debts that he could not repay, and had to hide from creditors.
In this mansion, the writer's working day lasted 16 hours, during which the genius of the pen perfected every phrase, every fragment of the next work. Many famous social novels were written by him here. Grateful compatriots left unchanged that corner of the Parisian land, where Balzac lived so well, where he spent the happiest 5 months of family idyll with the ardently and passionately beloved Evelina Hanska. The main funds are located in 6 thematic halls, the exhibits of which vividly and reliably illustrate the life and work of the great writer. It will be interesting for everyone here.
1-hour cruise "Lights of Paris" - 15 €
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Eiffel Tower: access to the second floor - 41 €
Versailles & Gardens: Skip-the-Line Entry Ticket with Audio Guide - € 26
Hop-on Hop-off Bus Tour. Class., Prem. or Suite - from 32.40 €
Tickets: Montparnasse: 56th floor rooftop terrace - 18 €
Show at Moulin Rouge with champagne - 87 €
Paris museums subscription: 2, 4 or 6 days - 53 €
Notre Dame Cathedral & Towers skip-the-line - 31 €
Victor Hugo House Museum
In honor of no less famous colleague and contemporary of Balzac - Victor Hugo, an exposition was opened on the Place Royale (now the Vosges), in the old house at number 6. Here, in the apartment on the 2nd floor, the family of the great humanist lived for almost 16 years, during which the already famous and the writer, treated kindly by the attention of those in power, created his best works. The walls of this house remember other great personalities of the past who came here: Dumas, Liszt, Rossini, Balzac, Merimee. The opening took place in 1902, to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Hugo at the initiative of a friend of the writer Meris, who bought the mansion and laid the foundation for the foundation.
The organizers strove to recreate the authentic atmosphere of everyday life; many pieces of furniture exactly correspond to real prototypes. Many paintings by famous artists who wrote canvases for the Hugo family have survived, depicting his wife, children and the writer himself. There is the "Red Room", furnished with luxurious carved furniture, with many portraits of the writer's friends and famous people of France. Of interest is the "Chinese living room", on the design of which Hugo himself worked. It contains many objects reflecting Chinese life and artistic creativity, collected by the writer: plates, figurines, vases. The gothic-style dining room is very impressive.
Grevin Museum
It bears the name of the cartoonist sculptor Alfred Grevin, who worked hard to create wax copies of the figures of world celebrities and famous fictional characters. This is how the initiator of the project, French journalist Arthur Meyer expressed his gratitude, who was eager to create an exhibition of wax figures similar to the London one. Grevin's works amaze with their striking resemblance to prototypes, they convey the subtlest individual details of the originals: gestures, eyes, facial features, hands.
In this "collection" are represented long-gone personalities who created history, politics, art at different times and eras. There are many who continue to do great things in the name of progress and prosperity. Who is not here: the geniuses of music Mozart and Beethoven, world politicians Kennedy and de Gaulle, Napoleon and Charles 12, Hollywood and French film stars, famous athletes and singers, artists and writers - about 500 wax figures. Here everyone will have the opportunity to meet their idols, with whom they did not have a chance to communicate in reality.
Salvador Dali Museum
Wherever the exhibitions of the famous surrealist are not open, Paris could not resist the talent of the genius Catalan, whose museum was prepared for the most honorable place for representatives of art - the Parisian bohemia - the brilliant Montmartre. More than 300 works of art are presented in the capital of France: paintings, sculptures, prints.
An ambiguous look at familiar things, the mystical subtext of his works is very impressive, makes him think and reason, and not just mindlessly contemplate what is depicted. Through the artist's fantasies, so many tones and halftones, so many emotions are expressed in him that one can consider for a long time this or that creation, causing a storm of feelings ("Outlines of Time", "Space Elephant" and others).
Museum of magic
Opened in the basement of an old house at st. Saint-Paul, 11 - a tribute of respect and admiration to the difficult art of illusionism and sorcery. Even the most notorious skeptics can not help but be surprised by the tricks of famous illusionists - this art is well deserved by the Museum of Magic. The reason for its opening was a private collection of all kinds of paraphernalia for various tricks and juggling objects, which the creator Georges Proust was very fond of at first. Also carried away by magic, he collected a large number of items used by magicians and illusionists. At first, his collection was shown at exhibitions from time to time, and since 1993 it has become the basis for the opened museum.
Miracles here begin from the threshold, when you open the door: next to it, on a pen with a feather, a crafty "devil" writes with it an invitation to enter. Once inside, you find yourself in a magical kingdom, in which 15 illusionary representations replace each other. After them, there is a demonstration of magical objects that amaze you: a chair, a box, sticks, etc. Inspection of unusual exhibits will give you a lot of pleasure.
Marmottana Monet Museum
There are so many exhibitions in the city that they can be found in various places, for example, in the Bois de Boulogne, where the Museum of Impressionism is located in a former hunting lodge of the 19th century. The passionate art collector Marmottan, having become the owner of a cozy mansion, placed art canvases of the Napoleonic era in it. The heir of Marmottan added books, new paintings, antique furniture to his father's collection and bequeathed everything to the art academy.
Gradually, the fund expanded through private collections, including works by famous French impressionists. Most of them belonged to Monet's brush, so it officially became known as the Marmottan Monet Museum. Only here you can see Monet's magnificent canvas "Impression of the Sunrise", which laid the foundation for impressionism in painting and many other masterpieces. The 2nd floor of the building is completely occupied with wonderful landscapes, portraits, views of Paris captured by Monet and his students. The 1st floor is given over to the exhibits of Marmottan: furniture in the Empire style, majestic sculptures and portraits of Napoleon, Persian carpets, and other luxury items. It houses a unique collection of miniature books from the European Middle Ages.
Museum Center "City of Science and Industry"
The center, which contains objects that symbolize all scientific and technological achievements, their path of development and improvement, attracts millions of tourists. People of all ages will be able to satisfy the versatile curiosity of people of all ages: the history of the Universe, the Earth, the discoveries of astronomers, the secrets of the human brain, the exploration of the oceans - the range of topics presented in the sections of the center is immeasurably wide. A visit to the center is not just contemplation, but active participation in the process of various experiments with light and sound, with a steam engine, with the rotation of the Earth.
"City of Science and Industry" includes the Museum of Science and Industry, the c / t-sphere "Geode", the submarine "Argonaut", an aquarium, an auditorium named after Lumiere, Planetarium, scientific entertainment center for children. Visits here are especially useful for the latter in order to consolidate in practice the knowledge gained at school.
Picasso Museum
The magnificent three-story classic-style Salé mansion is a worthy place for a museum for the ingenious nugget with the universal talent of an artistic creator - Pablo Picasso. A talented sculptor, a great innovative artist, engraver, ceramist, graphic artist - all this is one Picasso, the founder of a new direction in art - cubism and the successor of the traditions of surrealism. It houses the largest collection of various works by a unique artist, in chronological order reflecting all periods of the life and work of the great Spaniard.
Among the exhibits there are many masterpieces from the private property of the Picasso family, but there are also those that belong to the state. In addition to the master's works, there are many newspaper and magazine clippings of laudatory and critical content, the author's manuscripts, photographs and personal belongings of the genius.
Fragonard perfume museum
Paris has long been famous for exquisite perfumes with the finest scent. Secular ladies considered it an honor to use them, for every Soviet woman it was a great happiness to get a bottle of French perfume. But even now the prestige of the famous French perfume is still at its best. Fragonard is a temple of divine aromas that you begin to feel as soon as you enter.
It was founded by the company of the same name, the owners of which are the descendants of the artist and esthete Fragonard, and it was right: people come here in droves, like in the Louvre. Here you can "taste" the smells of hundreds of perfumes, learn the detailed history of this perfume, hear stories about the incredible abilities of "sniffers", see special devices for the production of aromatic liquids and bottles of various shapes and sizes. Fascinating penetration into the world of wonderful scents will give everyone an aesthetic pleasure.
Museum d'Orsay
For the 1900 World's Fair, the d'Orsay station was built in the very center to relieve the rest of the train stations and stations of Paris and its suburbs. Technologically it was the most innovative building of the time and the first electrified train station. But after the exhibition it was practically not used for its intended purpose and by the 40s it was completely empty. In 1980, the building was reconstructed and part of the collections stored in the Louvre was placed in it. In 1986, the Museum opened and since then has become one of the main galleries of fine art not only in Paris, but throughout the world.
Collected works of fine art of the late XIX - early XX centuries. The richest collection of impressionists and post-impressionists, masterpieces by Monet and Manet, Seurat, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Degas, Pissarro and other great artists has been collected. The sculpture is represented by the creations of Rodin, Camille Claudel, Maillol, Degas and other masters. In addition to painting, a large collection of drawings by artists of the same era and photography as a special kind of fine art, including historical value, are separately collected. A separate room is dedicated to arts and crafts: pieces of furniture and interiors, a collection of tableware, stained glass windows and decorative wood panels.
Orangerie Museum
It is located in the greenhouse remaining from the large palace complex. The palace was destroyed during the revolution, the garden, which Parisians love very much, has survived, and the greenhouse for a long time served either as a warehouse or as a soldier's barracks, and in 1927 it housed a museum, which became a kind of continuation of d'Orsay. On two floors there are paintings by artists from the beginning of the last century - Monet, Cézanne, Matisse, Modigliani, Renoir and others. The second floor is completely devoted to the greatest creation of Claude Monet - "Water Lilies".
The master bequeathed his work to France with only one condition - all eight paintings must be exhibited together. They were first shown here on May 16, 1927, a few months after the artist's death. This was the beginning of the Orangerie. Monet worked on Water Lilies for four years during the First World War. Looking at the horrors of these years, he wanted to give the world a picture that would help people restore harmony in their souls. He divided the entire work into eight large paintings, carefully planning the exposition and thinking over the plot of each part.
Center Pompidou
In terms of attendance, the Pompidou Center ranks third among the city's attractions after the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. It was organized at the suggestion of President Georges Pompidou and got his name. The building of the Museum of Contemporary Art has become a symbol of modernization in all spheres of society. The center was opened at New Year's midnight from 1977 to 1978: all engineering structures - elevators, electric wires, sewer and ventilation pipes - were taken outside, thereby freeing up the internal area of the room.
There is a cinema on the ground floor. Festivals of art and art-house films are held here annually. The next two floors are occupied by the library, which contains millions of books, video and audio materials. An exposition of contemporary art begins on the third floor. It is represented by all modern trends and genres. The best examples in painting, architecture, sculpture, design and photography. The masterpieces of the 20th century artists are also kept here: Kandinsky, Matis, Picasso. Exhibitions, temporary exhibitions and performances are held on the fifth floor.
From the upper floors of the gallery you can look at the city - the whole of Paris is visible at a glance. On the square in front of the center, artists, street musicians and artists constantly gather.
Playing Cards Museum
Two small private collections of pre-war playing cards formed the basis of the museum opened in 1986. It occupied the former mansion of the Conti princes. However, over time, the exposition expanded, and after 10 years it was decided to build a separate building for it. Now a mansion and a modern building, which is connected by a covered gallery. Now the collection numbers about 11 thousand exhibits.
These are original playing cards from all over the world and dating back to different eras: brightly colored Indian, whimsical Japanese, which use mussel shells instead of the usual cards, Renaissance cards, the famous Tarot cards and even World War II cards with caricatures of Mussolini and Hitler.In addition to them, printing presses are presented, with the help of which the decks were made; collected works of art, which depict a game of cards or the cards themselves: paintings, ceramics, prints, etc. Closed in August and on public holidays.
Sewerage Museum
Back in the days when Paris was also part of the Roman Empire, the Romans, who care about the cleanliness of the surrounding space, were the first to install sewers here. But many years have passed since then, and in the Middle Ages, the streets of the city were a breeding ground for infections, because ordinary city ditches served as sewerage, where all the sewage was discharged. Only in the 19th century, engineer Belgran designed such a system of tunnels, which, in fact, being an underground backup of the Parisian streets, made it possible to quickly clear the city of accumulated dirt.
Going down into the bowels of the city of love, you will learn about the history of the development of the sewage network, see the old devices with which they purified wastewater, get acquainted with the latest methods of water purification and protection of the city from floods. Guided tours only run from April to October.
Montmartre Museum
Montmartre has long been associated with bohemian life and is known far beyond Paris and France in general. The museum of the most festive area is located in the Rosimon mansion. This house was built for one of the actors from the Moler troupe - Claude Rosa, who bore the pseudonym Rosimon. His stage name also passed to the house. It also housed Renoir's workshop at the very beginning of his creative career. Many famous French artists, actors and composers lived here. Four expositions are permanently exhibited. The first tells about the time when Montmartre was a small village. A separate exposition is dedicated to the period of the Paris Commune.
The central section tells about the most famous period in the history of the area. It is called Festive Montmartre. Most of the poets, artists and painters loved Montmartre very much and gladly settled here, not only because of the many fun places nearby, but also because there were amazing scenic views from here, and housing prices were very low. There are many posters and posters by A. Toulouse-Lautrec, paintings and personal belongings of Van Gogh, Degas, Pissarro, cabaret dancers' costumes.
Carnavale Museum
Almost the only one in the city dedicated to the history and secrets of Paris itself. It is located in an old mansion, which is quite remarkable in itself: a majestic entrance with bas-reliefs and the coat of arms of the first owners, allegorical scenes on the facade between the windows, a statue of the Sun King in the courtyard. Consists of several exhibition halls dedicated to a certain era in the history of the city. The most ancient period is represented by tools from the late Stone Age, archaeological finds such as burial masks, mammoth tusks, etc.
In the following rooms you can see items of medieval interior, images of saints and angels, family portraits of the owners of the mansion, jewelry. Many historical interiors have been reconstructed here - for example, the bedroom of Marie Antoinette, several halls of the era of Louis XV, rooms of the Riviera hotel have been recreated. A separate room is dedicated to the history of the French Revolution. There are several models of guillotines, real keys to the Bastille and other artifacts. Modern times are represented by paintings, photographs and lithographs of the city of the XVIII-XIX centuries, posters of the first cabarets, art exhibitions.
Fashion Museum
It opened in 1977 in a building built at the end of the 19th century. Once this house belonged to the widow of General Gallier. She decided to transfer the entire richest collection of art objects that belonged to their family to the state. For this, a late Renaissance mansion was built. But soon all the property was nationalized, and the house remained empty for a long time, until in 1977 the Museum of Fashion and Textiles opened in it. Collected 70 thousand exhibits, including clothing of the 18th century, for example: the corsage of Marie Antoinette and several costumes that belonged to Louis XVII.
It houses Josephine's dresses, Sarah Bernhardt's costumes, models of costumes from the Lafayette gallery, etc.
All these unique exhibits require special storage conditions, therefore they are exhibited only in temporary exhibitions. Fashion of the XX century is the opening of famous fashion houses, the work of the sisters Callot, Schiaparelli, Poiret and others. The end of the 40s and 50s - new look and new images in the models of Dior, Chanel, Balenciaga. Separate exhibitions tell about the history of lingerie from the 19th century to modern designs. A special department is devoted to how the models were created and created: from the author's idea to implementation.
Delacroix Museum
Here are collected personal belongings and paintings of the artist. Here he lived from December 1857 until the end of his life. To preserve the artist's legacy, the Society of Friends of E. Delacroix was created in 1929. In 1952, it bought this house, studio and garden at the house, and in 1954 transferred it into the ownership of the state. The museum opened here in 1971.
Here are the artist's paintings from different periods of his work, including attempts to create frescoes. His travel notes, souvenirs and sketches brought from a trip to Morocco, objects from the artist's studio, photographs and letters of the artist are kept. In addition to the paintings of Delacroix himself, here you can see the works of his friends-artists - Colin, Hue, Saint-Marcel and others.
House-Museum of Bourdelle
In the 30s, on the site of the house of E. A. Bourdelle, who died in 1929, the construction of new houses was to begin. The entire legacy of the master during this period was concentrated in the hands of his wife and daughter, who did not always manage to resist the French authorities. The spouses - entrepreneurs and patrons of art Theodor-Ernest Cognac and Marie-Louise Same came to their aid. They bought this plot of land from the city authorities, thanks to which they were able to preserve the sculptor's art collection. The museum was opened here only after the end of the war, in 1949.
On the initiative of I. Bizardel, who at that time was the head of the Academy of Fine Arts, the mayor's office decided to open in the workshop and garden, which the sculptor's descendants donated to the city, the Bourdelle Museum. The collection was based on the collection of the artist himself and his family - 200 paintings, 800 sculptures, sketches, documents and photographs. The house has preserved the historical setting that developed during the life of Bourdelle, many items that belonged to his family, but the main value is the work of the master himself.
Cluny Museum
Once upon a time, Roman baths were located on this site. Later, in the XIV century, the city residence of the Abbey of Cluny was built here, then the building was rebuilt by one of the abbots of this order. In 1793, the house was nationalized and for a very long period was used for completely different needs. In 1833, Alexandre du Sommer housed his private collection in the mansion. In 1842, after his death, the family donated this collection to the state.
You can start your tour from the Roman baths of the 3rd century. They symbolize the unity and interconnection of these two eras. You can look at ancient sculptures, a collection of tapestries, including the famous "Lady with the Unicorn", samples of medieval fabrics and tapestries, jewelry and stained-glass windows are presented separately.
Museum of relief plans
It will be of interest to everyone who built match fortresses or paper cities in childhood. Not only historians, surveyors and architects will want to see a reduced copy of the ominous castle of If or Luxembourg and consider everything in great detail. It was opened in 1953, and now it contains 100 models, but usually no more than 28 are exhibited. Sections of the exposition are dedicated to certain geographic regions of the country.They began to create relief plans of bastions, cities and areas next to them in France under Louis XIV.
Already in the 17th century, 150 models of various fortresses and castles and their surroundings were created from various parts of France and other states. Plans were made by the best military engineers and were a closely guarded state secret. They were kept in the Louvre under special supervision. In the 20s of the last century, they ceased to have their military significance and became just a historical value. You can see miniatures of fortresses and castles located in different parts of the country.
Museum of man
It was founded in 1937 by Paul Rivet. Over time, it developed into a research center and became part of the National Museum of Natural History. Over the entire period of its existence, its collections have changed periodically. Now four expositions are constantly presented, illustrating all stages of the development of human society as a whole and of the person himself. The first tells about human development, considering certain periods and separate stages. The second reflects the problems of population growth on the planet, and the third demonstrates genetic diversity and its impact on society.
The fourth exposition is dedicated to ethnographic research in Africa, Asia, America and the Arctic. This is not just an exhibition, but a full-fledged scientific center, whose specialists are engaged in the study of global problems, for example: human adaptation to the environment and the influence of the environment on its development, as well as the influence of man himself on nature and the consequences of these interventions, forecasting human biological development, etc. etc.
Large gallery of evolution
On four floors with a total area of 6000 sq. m housed a collection that illustrates the origin and development of life on our planet. The Great Gallery of Evolution is also part of the National Museum of Natural History. All exhibits are arranged in the sequence in which, according to Charles Darwin, their appearance on Earth took place. The ground floor houses skeletons and stuffed underwater inhabitants. On the second, land animals are placed in accordance with their habitat - in natural zones. The exposition of the third floor tells about the influence of man on the natural world.
Here you can also get acquainted with the forecasts of scientists about the future of life on the planet. The fourth floor is directly devoted to evolution: how life on Earth came from single-celled organisms to such a variety of forms. One can see how heredity and natural selection influence the development of life; find out what discoveries in this area have been made by scientists in our time. A separate room tells about the extinct species of animals and plants, and those that are now on the verge of extinction.
Museum of Music
In 1995, by order of the French Ministry of Culture, an unusual enterprise was created - Muzykograd. In 1997, the Museum of Music was opened with him. Here you can see unique musical instruments - from the most ancient to the newest, learn the history of the development of music in France and around the world, listen to concerts and lectures. The exposition is based on the collection that was collected over several decades at the National Conservatory. You can not only see ancient musical instruments, but also listen to how they sound, including the famous Stradivari and Guarneri violins. The first hall is dedicated to the history of the origin of the opera genre, the first balls and ballets of Versailles.
The next section takes visitors to the era of the Enlightenment, the heyday of classicism, and then you will find the great period of romanticism, the music of the 19th century, the heyday of opera in Italy, France and Germany. The fourth section of the exposition is dedicated to the violent XX century, with all its complexity, contradictions and tragedy reflected in the music of that time. The history of musical styles and genres of the peoples of America, Asia and Africa, and other parts of Europe is examined in the next room. New trends in music that have become popular in the last century: jazz, blues, rock and others, are presented in a temporary exhibition, which in the future is planned to be assigned a separate permanent hall.
Wine Museum
Once upon a time, Paris, like other large European cities, was surrounded by a ring of monasteries. The monks who lived there owned large tracts of land planted with vineyards. Naturally, over time, they began to make wine of various varieties from the harvested harvest. The greatest success was soon achieved by the monks from the Passy monastery. In the cellars of the monastery were kept barrels of wine, which was highly valued, for example, by Louis XIII himself. This same wine was supplied not only to the royal court, but also to the table of most aristocratic families.
However, later the affairs of the monastery fell into decay. It was plundered and destroyed. In the 80s of the last century, one of the owners of a Parisian restaurant remembered the winemakers from the Passy monastery, whose cellars were located approximately under his restaurant. He decided to dig them up and set up an exhibition and tasting room here. The cellars have been completely restored, and since 1984 a wine museum has been opened in the former catacombs. All comers first get acquainted with the history of winemaking, its traditions.
Of course, the ancient wine that the monks treated Louis to have not survived in the cellars, but here you can see ancient bottles, ceramic wine dishes, metal glasses. Special installations are dedicated to scenes associated with the drinking of French wine by famous people. At the end of the tour, you can taste modern varieties and buy several bottles of your favorite drink.
Museum of Romantic Life
The building was built in 1830. Immediately after the construction, Ari Schaeffer, an artist who served at the court of the Prince of Orleans, moved into it. Famous musicians, artists and writers attended Friday evenings in the artist's house. Chopin and Liszt played here, Pauline Viardot sang, George Sand, Charles Dickens, Turgenev and other famous contemporaries of the artist often visited here.
The museum was founded by the descendants of Ari Schaeffer, and for a long time it remained private, until in 1983 the entire collection was transferred to the state. One of the departments is entirely dedicated to Georges Sand.
Here, on the first floor of the mansion, even the interior of the Noan estate has been restored, where the famous writer loved to spend time with her loved ones. In several rooms are kept things that belonged to her, portraits of her family members, watercolors painted by George Sand and her son. A cast of F. Chopin's hand, which was made during the composer's lifetime, is also kept here. The second floor is dedicated to Schaeffer's life. Here his paintings are collected and the life of the court artist is restored.
Fair Art Museum
Founded in 1972 by actor and antique dealer J.-P. Favan. Since 1996, it has occupied the pavilions of the former market in Bercy, which was built in the 19th century. For the creation and restoration of exhibits J.-P. Fawan has spent 35 years. It contains 14 real large attractions, 16 tents that house slot machines, 18 sets for real performances - all the exhibits are genuine and take visitors to the real whirlwind of Parisian fairs of the middle from the 19th century to the 50s of the past.
And one and a half thousand exhibits are kept in storerooms. The entire collection is presented in three thematic sections. Venetian - creates the atmosphere of a carnival city: the famous canals and bridges, gondolas, comedy del arte performed by mechanical dolls of the last century. In the Magic Theater, you can see a visual show - the so-called "live pictures", accompanied by music performed by a mechanical orchestra of the 19th century.
Traditionally trapeze artists, magicians and, of course, mimes take part in the performances. Performances are often held in the Green Garden. The trees in it are illuminated with lamps and garlands. In the garden there are sculptures of fairytale heroes, Carroll characters, street musicians.
Jacquemart-André Museum
The origin of this extraordinary art gallery is a collection of art, jewelry and antique tapestries by Edouardv André, heir to a successful family of French bankers, who spent most of his fortune on the acquisition of art. A few years later, he married the artist Nelly Jacquemart. The couple traveled a lot and always brought back from their trips art canvases and sculptures that could decorate their mansion in Paris. After the death of the spouses, the entire collection was transferred to the Institute of France, and this museum was opened on its basis in 1913.
There are five exhibition halls featuring Renaissance paintings by Italian, Flemish and French artists. The ballrooms and music halls are decorated with sculptures, and the walls are decorated with red brocade. In addition to paintings by Rembrandt, van Eyck and other Flemish artists, the library contains samples brought by the spouses from Egypt. The Italian hall is decorated with paintings by the Italian artists beloved by the spouses. The gem of this collection is Botticelli's painting "Madonna and Child".
Mineralogy Museum
It opened back in 1794 at the National Mining School. R. Gayui took part in its creation. The first expositions were based on collections from private collections, which were collected by prominent French mineralogists. At the beginning of the 19th century he moved to the Vendome mansion. Throughout this century, the collection has been replenished from private collections and samples brought from geological expeditions and mining operations around the world. Today there are more than 100 thousand exhibits in the funds. About 4 thousand are constantly exhibited. There is a wide variety of precious stones, meteorites and other minerals of extraterrestrial origin.
Separate rooms are dedicated to the history of mineralogy and outstanding geologists of France. An interactive system allows you to get additional information about each stone. Showcases in Hall L are dedicated to the history of jewelry making in France. The jewels of the crowned persons are kept here: weapons, bracelets, tiaras and other adornments. A special room is dedicated to artificial minerals, as well as asteroids and meteorites, including the huge Martian meteorite that was discovered in the Sahara in 2014.
Use the services of kiwitaxi and at the airport, at the specified time, the driver will be waiting for you, help with the luggage and promptly take you to the hotel. Several car classes are available - from economy to Minibus with 19 seats. The price is fixed and does not depend on the number of passengers and the address within Paris. A taxi from / to the airport is a convenient and comfortable way to get to your destination.
